Убедитесь, что каждая виртуальная машина Ubuntu из одного шаблона получает свой собственный IP-адрес.
Проблема
Я использую несколько виртуальных машин Ubuntu в среде Proxmox, поэтому у меня возникла неожиданная проблема с DHCP-сервером, так как эти машины получили одинаковые IP-адреса.
dhcpd$ tail -f /var/log/dhcpd.log
[...] Jul 3 18:43:59 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPDISCOVER from 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 via eth0 Jul 3 18:44:00 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPOFFER on 172.16.151.113 to 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 18:44:00 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPREQUEST for 172.16.151.113 (172.16.151.254) from 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 18:44:00 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPACK on 172.16.151.113 to 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (jammy) via eth0 [...] Jul 3 18:44:07 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPDISCOVER from 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 18:44:07 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPOFFER on 172.16.151.113 to 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 18:44:07 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPREQUEST for 172.16.151.113 (172.16.151.254) from 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 18:44:07 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPACK on 172.16.151.113 to 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (jammy) via eth0 [...]
Используйте tcpdump, мощный анализатор пакетов командной строки, чтобы посмотреть, что происходит, и обратите внимание, что поле Client-ID одинаково в обоих случаях.
18:43:59.365889 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 317)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown), length 289, xid 0xaa444f11, secs 1, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Discover
Client-ID (61), length 19: hardware-type 255, ca:53:09:5a:00:02:00:00:ab:11:2b:de:66:83:43:ae:3d:11
Parameter-Request (55), length 11:
Subnet-Mask (1), Default-Gateway (3), Domain-Name-Server (6), Hostname (12)
Domain-Name (15), MTU (26), Static-Route (33), NTP (42)
Unknown (119), Unknown (120), Classless-Static-Route (121)
MSZ (57), length 2: 576
Hostname (12), length 5: "jammy"
18:44:00.367401 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
scylla.bootps > 172.16.151.113.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0xaa444f11, secs 1, Flags [none]
Your-IP 172.16.151.113
Client-Ethernet-Address 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Offer
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Lease-Time (51), length 4: 86400
Subnet-Mask (1), length 4: 255.255.248.0
Default-Gateway (3), length 4: router.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name-Server (6), length 4: dns.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name (15), length 13: "octocat.cloud"
NTP (42), length 4: scylla
18:44:00.368060 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 329)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown), length 301, xid 0xaa444f11, secs 1, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Request
Client-ID (61), length 19: hardware-type 255, ca:53:09:5a:00:02:00:00:ab:11:2b:de:66:83:43:ae:3d:11
Parameter-Request (55), length 11:
Subnet-Mask (1), Default-Gateway (3), Domain-Name-Server (6), Hostname (12)
Domain-Name (15), MTU (26), Static-Route (33), NTP (42)
Unknown (119), Unknown (120), Classless-Static-Route (121)
MSZ (57), length 2: 576
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Requested-IP (50), length 4: 172.16.151.113
Hostname (12), length 5: "jammy"
18:44:00.376759 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
scylla.bootps > 172.16.151.113.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0xaa444f11, secs 1, Flags [none]
Your-IP 172.16.151.113
Client-Ethernet-Address 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: ACK
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Lease-Time (51), length 4: 86400
Subnet-Mask (1), length 4: 255.255.248.0
Default-Gateway (3), length 4: router.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name-Server (6), length 4: dns.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name (15), length 13: "octocat.cloud"
NTP (42), length 4: scylla
18:44:07.493920 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 317)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown), length 289, xid 0x70c2db85, secs 1, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Discover
Client-ID (61), length 19: hardware-type 255, ca:53:09:5a:00:02:00:00:ab:11:2b:de:66:83:43:ae:3d:11
Parameter-Request (55), length 11:
Subnet-Mask (1), Default-Gateway (3), Domain-Name-Server (6), Hostname (12)
Domain-Name (15), MTU (26), Static-Route (33), NTP (42)
Unknown (119), Unknown (120), Classless-Static-Route (121)
MSZ (57), length 2: 576
Hostname (12), length 5: "jammy"
18:44:07.494752 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
scylla.bootps > 172.16.151.113.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x70c2db85, secs 1, Flags [none]
Your-IP 172.16.151.113
Client-Ethernet-Address 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Offer
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Lease-Time (51), length 4: 86400
Subnet-Mask (1), length 4: 255.255.248.0
Default-Gateway (3), length 4: router.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name-Server (6), length 4: dns.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name (15), length 13: "octocat.cloud"
NTP (42), length 4: scylla
18:44:07.495327 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 329)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown), length 301, xid 0x70c2db85, secs 1, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Request
Client-ID (61), length 19: hardware-type 255, ca:53:09:5a:00:02:00:00:ab:11:2b:de:66:83:43:ae:3d:11
Parameter-Request (55), length 11:
Subnet-Mask (1), Default-Gateway (3), Domain-Name-Server (6), Hostname (12)
Domain-Name (15), MTU (26), Static-Route (33), NTP (42)
Unknown (119), Unknown (120), Classless-Static-Route (121)
MSZ (57), length 2: 576
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Requested-IP (50), length 4: 172.16.151.113
Hostname (12), length 5: "jammy"
18:44:07.506164 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
scylla.bootps > 172.16.151.113.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x70c2db85, secs 1, Flags [none]
Your-IP 172.16.151.113
Client-Ethernet-Address 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: ACK
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Lease-Time (51), length 4: 86400
Subnet-Mask (1), length 4: 255.255.248.0
Default-Gateway (3), length 4: router.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name-Server (6), length 4: dns.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name (15), length 13: "octocat.cloud"
NTP (42), length 4: scylla
Решение, использующее MAC-адрес в качестве идентификатора клиента
Проверьте конфигурацию netplan по умолчанию.
$ cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
ethernets:
ens18:
dhcp4: true
version: 2
Используйте MAC-адрес в качестве идентификатора клиента.
$ sudo tee /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml << EOF
network:
ethernets:
ens18:
dhcp4: true
dhcp-identifier: mac
version: 2
EOF
network:
ethernets:
ens18:
dhcp4: true
dhcp-identifier: mac
version: 2
Примените конфигурацию.
$ sudo netplan apply
Проверьте идентификатор клиента.
$ netplan ip leases ens18
# This is private data. Do not parse. ADDRESS=172.16.151.110 NETMASK=255.255.248.0 ROUTER=172.16.144.1 SERVER_ADDRESS=172.16.151.254 T1=43200 T2=75600 LIFETIME=86400 DNS=172.16.151.253 NTP=172.16.151.254 DOMAINNAME=octocat.cloud CLIENTID=014663817b1cb7
Логи сервера DHCP и сетевые пакеты.
dhcpd$ tail -f /var/log/dhcpd.log
Jul 3 19:04:47 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPDISCOVER from 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 via eth0 Jul 3 19:04:48 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPOFFER on 172.16.151.110 to 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 19:04:48 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPREQUEST for 172.16.151.110 (172.16.151.254) from 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 19:04:48 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPACK on 172.16.151.110 to 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (jammy) via eth0
dhcpd$ sudo tcpdump -v udp port 67
19:04:47.771070 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 305)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown), length 277, xid 0xc88446c4, secs 1, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Discover
Client-ID (61), length 7: ether 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7
Parameter-Request (55), length 11:
Subnet-Mask (1), Default-Gateway (3), Domain-Name-Server (6), Hostname (12)
Domain-Name (15), MTU (26), Static-Route (33), NTP (42)
Unknown (119), Unknown (120), Classless-Static-Route (121)
MSZ (57), length 2: 576
Hostname (12), length 5: "jammy"
19:04:48.772552 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
scylla.bootps > 172.16.151.110.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0xc88446c4, secs 1, Flags [none]
Your-IP 172.16.151.110
Client-Ethernet-Address 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Offer
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Lease-Time (51), length 4: 86400
Subnet-Mask (1), length 4: 255.255.248.0
Default-Gateway (3), length 4: router.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name-Server (6), length 4: dns.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name (15), length 13: "octocat.cloud"
NTP (42), length 4: scylla
19:04:48.773346 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 317)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown), length 289, xid 0xc88446c4, secs 1, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Request
Client-ID (61), length 7: ether 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7
Parameter-Request (55), length 11:
Subnet-Mask (1), Default-Gateway (3), Domain-Name-Server (6), Hostname (12)
Domain-Name (15), MTU (26), Static-Route (33), NTP (42)
Unknown (119), Unknown (120), Classless-Static-Route (121)
MSZ (57), length 2: 576
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Requested-IP (50), length 4: 172.16.151.110
Hostname (12), length 5: "jammy"
19:04:48.782143 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
scylla.bootps > 172.16.151.110.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0xc88446c4, secs 1, Flags [none]
Your-IP 172.16.151.110
Client-Ethernet-Address 46:63:81:7b:1c:b7 (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: ACK
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Lease-Time (51), length 4: 86400
Subnet-Mask (1), length 4: 255.255.248.0
Default-Gateway (3), length 4: router.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name-Server (6), length 4: dns.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name (15), length 13: "octocat.cloud"
NTP (42), length 4: scylla
Это решение требует изменения конфигурации netplan в шаблоне Ubuntu.
Решение с использованием RFC4361-совместимого идентификатора клиента
Проверьте текущий идентификатор машины.
$ systemd-machine-id-setup --print
81c373c413d14926b1e6845429fd7772
Удалите файл /etc/machine-id
$ sudo rm /etc/machine-id
Повторная инициализация идентификатора машины для изменения идентификатора клиента.
$ sudo systemd-machine-id-setup
Initializng machine ID from VM UUID
Посмотрите новый идентификатор машины.
$ systemd-machine-id-setup --print
8487018747a0405dbfb862bcd8db7ce1
Примените конфигурацию.
$ sudo netplan apply
Проверьте идентификатор клиента.
$ sudo netplan ip leases ens18
# This is private data. Do not parse. ADDRESS=172.16.151.112 NETMASK=255.255.248.0 ROUTER=172.16.144.1 SERVER_ADDRESS=172.16.151.254 T1=43200 T2=75600 LIFETIME=86400 DNS=172.16.151.253 NTP=172.16.151.254 DOMAINNAME=octocat.cloud CLIENTID=ffca53095a00020000ab116155f4f73d4c7fe4
Логи сервера DHCP и сетевые пакеты.
dhcpd$ tail -f /var/log/dhcpd.log
Jul 3 18:56:45 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPDISCOVER from 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a via eth0 Jul 3 18:56:46 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPOFFER on 172.16.151.112 to 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 18:56:46 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPREQUEST for 172.16.151.112 (172.16.151.254) from 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (jammy) via eth0 Jul 3 18:56:46 scylla dhcpd[534]: DHCPACK on 172.16.151.112 to 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (jammy) via eth0
dhcpd$ sudo tcpdump -v udp port 67
18:56:45.164727 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 317)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown), length 289, xid 0x2b4e1650, secs 1, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Discover
Client-ID (61), length 19: hardware-type 255, ca:53:09:5a:00:02:00:00:ab:11:61:55:f4:f7:3d:4c:7f:e4
Parameter-Request (55), length 11:
Subnet-Mask (1), Default-Gateway (3), Domain-Name-Server (6), Hostname (12)
Domain-Name (15), MTU (26), Static-Route (33), NTP (42)
Unknown (119), Unknown (120), Classless-Static-Route (121)
MSZ (57), length 2: 576
Hostname (12), length 5: "jammy"
18:56:46.166341 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
scylla.bootps > 172.16.151.112.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x2b4e1650, secs 1, Flags [none]
Your-IP 172.16.151.112
Client-Ethernet-Address 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Offer
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Lease-Time (51), length 4: 86400
Subnet-Mask (1), length 4: 255.255.248.0
Default-Gateway (3), length 4: router.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name-Server (6), length 4: dns.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name (15), length 13: "octocat.cloud"
NTP (42), length 4: scylla
18:56:46.167213 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 329)
0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown), length 301, xid 0x2b4e1650, secs 1, Flags [none]
Client-Ethernet-Address 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: Request
Client-ID (61), length 19: hardware-type 255, ca:53:09:5a:00:02:00:00:ab:11:61:55:f4:f7:3d:4c:7f:e4
Parameter-Request (55), length 11:
Subnet-Mask (1), Default-Gateway (3), Domain-Name-Server (6), Hostname (12)
Domain-Name (15), MTU (26), Static-Route (33), NTP (42)
Unknown (119), Unknown (120), Classless-Static-Route (121)
MSZ (57), length 2: 576
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Requested-IP (50), length 4: 172.16.151.112
Hostname (12), length 5: "jammy"
18:56:46.183976 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
scylla.bootps > 172.16.151.112.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x2b4e1650, secs 1, Flags [none]
Your-IP 172.16.151.112
Client-Ethernet-Address 22:01:c9:af:a6:6a (oui Unknown)
Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
Magic Cookie 0x63825363
DHCP-Message (53), length 1: ACK
Server-ID (54), length 4: scylla
Lease-Time (51), length 4: 86400
Subnet-Mask (1), length 4: 255.255.248.0
Default-Gateway (3), length 4: router.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name-Server (6), length 4: dns.octocat.cloud
Domain-Name (15), length 13: "octocat.cloud"
NTP (42), length 4: scylla
Это решение требует повторной инициализации идентификатора машины в файле /etc/machine-id во время первой загрузки.
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